This study examined the institutional analysis and development (IAD) approach and analyzed the changes in Korean population policy. Based on IAD, the crisis aspect, which is the cause of population policy, was analyzed. In terms of situation and interaction, governance, system/law/strategy, and resources were extracted as variables for anlaysis. Finally, in terms of results and evaluation, new policy direction, new law and administration, and new resources were examined. As a result of analyzing the changes in Korea's population policy based on IAD, the causes of population policy failure were derived. The problems were pointed out as 1) governance without proper implementation, 2) failure of systematic linkage between laws and systems, and 3) deception of resource utilization value. As measures to improve population policy in the future, the following were suggested: 1) operation of governance with enforcement power, 2) interaction and effectiveness of laws and systems, and 3) maximization of resource utilization value.